Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun, "(born May 27, 1332, Tunis, Tun.—died March 17, 1406, Cairo, Egypt) Noted Arab historian. He was employed in court posts by various rulers in Tunis, Fès, and Granada. After retiring from politics in 1375, he wrote his masterpiece, the Muqaddimah (“Introduction”), in which he examined the nature of society and social change and developed one of the earliest rational philosophies of history. He also wrote a definitive history of Muslim North Africa, Kitab al-'Ibar. In 1382 he went to Cairo, where he was appointed professor of law and religious judge. In 1400 he was trapped in Damascus during that city's siege by Timur, spending seven weeks in the Central Asian conqueror's camp before securing his own release and that of a number of colleagues. He is regarded as the greatest premodern Arab historian.
Khalil Drira, (born July, 1962, Sfax-Tunisia )received the Engineering and M.S. (DEA) degrees in Computer Science from ENSEEIHT (INP Toulouse), in June and September 1988 respectively. He obtained the Ph.D. and HDR degrees in Computer Science from UPS , University Paul Sabatier Toulouse, in October 1992, and January 2005 respectively. He is since 1992, Chargé de Recherche, a full-time research position at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS). Khalil DRIRA’s research interests include formal design, implementation, testing and provisioning of distributed communicating systems and cooperative networked services. His research activity addressed and addresses different topics in this field focusing on model-based analysis and design of correctness properties including testability, robustness, adaptability and reconfiguration. He is or has been involved in several national and international projects in the field of distributed and concurrent communicating systems. He is author of more than 150 regular and invited papers in international conferences and journals. He is or has been initiator of different national and international projects and collaborations in the field of networked services and distributed and communicating systems. Khalil DRIRA is or has been member of the programme committees of international and national conferences. He is member of the editorial board of different international journals in the field of software architecture and communicating and distributed systems. Khalil DRIRA has been editor of a number of proceedings, books and journal issues in these fields.